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Objective The 19-Norandrosterone (19NA) and 19-Noretiocholanolone (19NE) are endogenous steroids abused as dope.The aim of this study was to investigate the detection of 19NA and 19NE using isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Methods Two male volunteers were recruited.Each volunteer was orally administered a single dose of 20 mg of nandrolone,and their urine samples were collected after administration.The analyses of urinary concentrations and isotope ratios of 19NA and 19NE were performed.Results Concentrations of 19NA and 19NE increased rapidly after administration,and their isotope ratios decreased to the value of the drug ingested.Conclusion The intake of nandrolone has no effect on the isotope ratios of pregnanediol,androsterone and etiocholanolone.The urine samples were positive within 27 hours after administration.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of delayed cord clamping on outcomes of neonatal resuscitation.MethodsTotally, 7 429 full term infants born in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jilin from January 2013 to January 2015 were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group (n=3 727) and the control (n=3 702). The cords were clamped 2 min delayed in the former group, while those in the latter group were clamped within 10 s after birth. The rate of asphyxia and successful resuscitation, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth, and pH value, base excess (BE), blood glucose, cardiac troponin (cTn) I at 1 h after birth were compared witht-test orChi-square test.ResultsThe incidence of neonatal asphyxia in the observation group was lower than in the control [0.75%(28/3 727) vs 1.21%(45/3 702),χ2=4.115,P0.05]. In observation group, those newborns who suffered from severe asphyxia had higher Apgar score at 1 and 5 min than control (1 min: 2.80±0.45 vs 2.08±0.67,t=2.181; 5 min: 8.00±1.00 vs 6.25±1.66,t=2.176; bothP0.05). For those babies with severe asphyxia, the blood pH, BE, blood glucose and cTnI levels in the observation group were significantly different from the control group [7.08±0.29 vs 7.02±0.56, (-16.82±0.60) vs (-17.43±0.35) mmol/L, (7.93±0.78) vs (8.02±0.53) mmol/L and (0.203±0.041) vs (0.249±0.035) ng/ml,t=2.270, 2.387,-2.371 and-2.341, allP<0.05].Conclusion Two minutes delayed in cord clamping could help to reduce the incidence of asphyxia and improve the effect of resuscitation in severe asphyxia.
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This study was aimed to reveal characteristics of functions, main indications and applications of Chinese patent medicines in order to provide references for development of new Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect. Chinese patent medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New Na-tional Chinese Patent Medicines were taken as research subjects. Chinese patent medicines classified in the function and indication with key words of cough-relieving, cough-suppressing, cough and chronic cough were col-lected. Analysis was made on the prescription characteristics, such as functions, main indications and applications. The results showed that there were 684 Chinese patent medicines and 462 terms, which were used for a total of 1533 times. The frequently-used terms are antitussive effect with expectorant, antitussive effect, expectorant, heat-clearing and exterior-releasing, antiasthmatic, wind-expelling and antipyretic, antitussive effect with antiasthmatic, purging lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome and moistening the lungs. All 684 Chinese patent medicines were used 48 ma-jor treatments for a total of 1107 times. The main indications include acute and chronic trachitis / bronchitis, exoge-nous wind-heat type of common cold, exogenous wind-cold type of common cold, cough with abundance of phlegm due to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, acute and chronic pharyngi-tis, lung heat cough, and etc. All 684 Chinese patent medicines used a total of 537 kinds of herbs and chemical medicines, including 441 kinds of herbal medicine, 36 kinds of animal medicine, 25 kinds of mineral medicine and 35 kinds of chemical medicine. The top ten herbs in terms of using frequency are Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, Platycodonis radix, Armeniacae semen amarum, Menthae haplocalycis herba, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ephedrae herba, Scutellariae radix, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, Pinelliae rhizoma, Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus. Among them, 1/4 of Chinese patent medicines used extract. Five kinds of food or fruits were also used, which were orange, fresh gin-ger, pear, watermelon and dried mushroom. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect can be adopted in the treatment of various kinds of diseases, especially for the treatment of cough(heat cough in partic-ular), abundance of phlegm, asthma, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and etc. The treatment methods of clearing heat, dis-pelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome played an important role in the realization of antitussive effect. However, the expression of functions and main indications is far from standardized and clear. Drugs commonly used are herbal medicine plus animal medicine, mineral medicine and chemical medicine as well as food and fruit. The discovery of preparations with certain clinical curative effect from ethnomedicine and the using of their extracts as a major ingre-dient are one important way to develop new Chinese patent medicines with antitussive effect.
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Objective To make a survey of medication taken by Chinese athletes and a comparison between Chinese athletes and athletes from other countries in order to get information about how to improve Chinese athletes' performance. Method The information came from the forms"Doping Control Sample Collection" in which athletes answered the question: "What medications have you taken in the past 3 days?" The medicines taken by athletes were classified and statistically analyzed.Results 2,330 athletes and 25 kinds of sports were involved in. Medicines were statistically analyzed with 4 classes: profiling of declaration, vitamins and minerals, medicines for treatments, alternative medicine. Conclusion The survey recorded the types of supplements and medications taken by athletes in China in 1999. Chinese athletes took less vitamins and more alternative medicines than athletes from other countries.
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A HPLC method for the determination of berberine in Phellodendron amurense processed by four different procedures has been established. The method is simple, specific and accurate. The recovery is 102.7% and coefficient of variation is 0.69%.
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Objective To investigate the steroid levels of urine in Chinese athletes. Methods Subjects were 1217 Chinese athlete, 8 kinds of steroids named androsterone (An), etiocholanolone (Etio), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHET), Testosterone (T), Epitestosterone (ET), 5?-androstane-3?, 17?-diol (5?-diol), 5?-androstane-3?, 17?-diol (5?-diol) were measured by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after the urine sample being treated with chemical pre-extraction, hydrolysis, extraction and derivatization. Results The urine steroid levels of the Chinese male athlete were higher than those of the female athlete, but both male and female athlete had a lower urine steroids especially testosterone and 5?-androstane-3?,17?-diol, 4～7 times lower than other country's athletes. Some ratios of urine steroids such as An/Etio, T/ET, 5?-diol/5?-diol were relatively steady, which were affected less by gender.